Tokens7 min read

Stablecoins Architecture: Fiat-Backed vs Algorithmic vs Yield-Bearing Reserves

Examining the reserve composition, redemption arbitrage mechanisms, and regulatory frameworks governing the $200B+ global stablecoin market.

Step-by-Step Instructions

1

Fiat-Collateralized (USDT, USDC)

Backed 1:1 by physical cash, short-dated US Treasury bills, and reverse repos held in regulated banking institutions.

2

Crypto-Collateralized (DAI/USDS)

Backed by decentralized on-chain collateral assets locked in smart contract vaults at >130% over-collateralization ratios.

3

Yield-Bearing Stablecoins

Distribute underlying sovereign bond yields or staking returns directly to token holders.

Redemption Arbitrage and Peg Defense Mechanisms

When a stablecoin trades at $0.99 on an exchange, arbitrageurs buy the discounted token and redeem it directly with the issuer for $1.00 of underlying assets, pocketing $0.01 profit while driving market price back up to parity.

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